厌氧污泥对萘和联苯吸附性能实验

以联苯和萘为研究目标,分别进行了厌氧污泥对这两种有机物单独及混合存在条件下的吸附试验,并考察了双模式模型(分配作用加表面吸附)对厌氧污泥吸附有机物的适用性.研究发现,联苯或萘单独存在时,厌氧污泥对其吸附的实验结果与双模式模型基本吻合;当两种物质同时存在时,实验结果表明在竞争溶质浓度较低的情况下,较低浓度联苯和萘没有表现出明显的竞争作用.此外,还考察了高含盐量对厌氧污泥吸附萘及联苯性能的影响,发现含盐量对其影响不显著,双模式模型在高含盐量的情况下仍然适用.     

零价铁预厌氧协同MFC强化降解吲哚性能与功能菌群分析

通过零价铁（ZVI）预厌氧与微生物燃料电池（MFC）的协同作用,研究其对单一基质碳源吲哚的降解特性、MFC产电性能及群落分析.结果表明：ZVI（4 g·L^-1）的预厌氧可明显促进吲哚（250 mg·L^-1）在MFC体系中的降解;其中吲哚与TOC在96 h内的降解率分别为97.17%和89.50%,且吲哚的降解符合一级反应动力学模型;体系中MFC最大输出电压和功率密度可达600 mV和439.55 mW·m^-2;通过LC-MS分析,吲哚在协同体系中的主要中间代谢产物为靛红和水杨酸.高通量测序结果表明,ZVI预厌氧体系的引入有利于MFC体系中梭菌（Clostridium sensu stricto）、链霉菌（Streptomyces sp.）、热单胞菌（Thermomonas）的富集与吲哚的厌氧降解;同时促进假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）和梭菌等在代谢过程中的电子转移,提高了MFC的产电性能.     

金隆公司烟尘输送系统的改造

介绍了金隆公司烟尘输送系统的改造过程,着重论述了A烟尘中问仓及双螺旋运输机、布袋收尘器的运行状况、存在的主要问题及改造经过;A、C烟尘系统对接的原因及实施过程。     

Efficient dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol in an aqueous media with a mild pH using a Pd/TiO2NTs/Ti cathode

In this study, palladium-loaded titania nanotubes was fabricated on a titanium plate (Pd/TiO₂NTs/Ti) for efficient electrodechlorination of 2,4-chlorophenol with a mild pH condition. The nature of Pd/TiO₂NTs/Ti electrodes was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The characterization results indicated the generation of Pd⁰ nanoparticles which were evenly dispersed on titania nanotubes arrays on the Pd/TiO₂NTs/Ti surface. An effective degradation efficiency of up to 91% was achieved within 60 min at cathode potential of −0.7 V (vs. SCE) and initial pH of 5.5. The effects of the applied cathode potential and initial pH on the degradation efficiency were studied. A near neutral condition was more favorable since very low and very high pHs were not conducive to the dechlorination process. Furthermore, the intermediates analysis showed that the Pd/TiO₂NTs/Ti electrode could completely remove chlorine from 2, 4-dichlorophenol since only phenol was detected as the byproduct and the concentration of released chlorine ions indicated near-complete dechlorination. This work presents a good alternative technique for eliminating persistent chlorophenols in polluted wastewater without maintaining strong acidic environment.     

锂离子电池正极材料环境友好性与充放电性能耦合优选

本文通过生命周期评价方法,设定在相同的外界容量需求下,结合电池循环性能数据,研究了LiCo1／3Ni1／3Mn1／3O2、LiCo1／3Ni1／3Mn1／3O2＋1％ Fe3O4和 LiMn0．2 Fe0．8 PO43种不同的锂离子正极材料的环境影响,并耦合环境影响和放电比容量进行量化处理,得到相应的性能优选指数。结果表明：锂离子电池的正极材料普遍具有较大的综合环境影响值,3大类环境影响分类中影响较大的是人体健康和资源消耗。在3种正极材料中,LiCo1／3Ni1／3Mn1／3O2的综合性能最好,环境友好性和充放电性能都具有较大的优选指数。在 LCA 处理正极材料的基础上,结合电池充放电数据实现了对材料的比较和优选。     

喹啉为MFC阳极燃料的微生物群落结构演化分析

通过构建填料型微生物燃料电池(MFC),首次对以喹啉为燃料时的MFC阳极表面的微生物群落进行了分析.PCR-DGGE的试验结果表明,随着燃料的改变,微生物群落也发生改变.当以喹啉和葡萄糖的混合溶液稳定地作为燃料时,由于受到喹啉毒性的抑制,微生物多样性降低,优势菌也发生明显的改变.与葡萄糖共基质相比,以单一喹啉为燃料时的阳极微生物优势菌落发生明显改变.新增加一类菌,这类菌与Pseudomonas sp. DIC5RS 的同源性为100%,推测该菌在单一喹啉为MFC燃料时喹啉的降解过程中起到关键作用.     

两种电解体系对苯酚降解效果的对比

使用 Ti/IrO₂RuO<₂阳极、电还原氧气产生 H₂O₂的碳/聚四氟乙烯(C/PTFE)气体扩散阴极,分别在无隔膜与隔膜(隔膜材料为涤纶)电解体系中,研究了电化学催化氧化降解苯酚的效果.在无隔膜与隔膜2种电解体系中,电解80min后,H₂O₂的稳定浓度分别是5.6mg/L和8.5mg/L.2 种电解体系中苯酚的去除率均可达到 100%,但隔膜电解体系中 COD 去除率为 81.2%,无隔膜电解体系 COD 去除率为 71.7%.在 2 种电解体系中通过 HPLC 分析检测到中间产物为苯醌和一些短链的脂肪酸.对于阴、阳极降解苯酚的机理推测,2 种体系是相似的,但对隔膜电解体系,阴极室的碱性条件有利于氧的阴极还原生成 HO₂ ,并进一步形成 HO·和 O₂·自由基,从而对苯酚有较好的去除效果.     

基于安全生产双重属性的新常态下非煤矿山安全监管对策研究

为进一步提高经济新常态下我国非煤矿山安全生产监督管理水平,结合我国安全生产特有的经济属性和社会属性,分析了当前经济发展新常态下安全生产所面临的形势和机遇,查找分析了我国非煤矿山领域安全生产监督管理工作中存在的主要问题及其原因,从提高安全生产准入条件、强化安全执法、鼓励非煤矿山科技创新等方面提出了经济新常态下加强非煤矿山安全生产监督管理的对策措施,以期降低非煤矿山生产安全事故总量,减少人员伤亡,促进我国安全生产监督管理水平的整体提升。     

考虑“双碳”目标与健康损失的区域现役火电机组有序退役研究

火电行业是我国经济社会发展的重要基础和保障，但也是碳排放的主要源头之一。在“双碳”目标约束下，新能源装机将持续增长，而火电机组则面临降碳和退役的压力。以安徽省为研究区域，考虑“双碳”目标与污染导致的健康损失等因素，对全省现役火电机组的计划退役与有序退役方案进行对比分析，为火电行业实现低碳发展提供路径参考。在有序退役方案下，结合初始投资、使用年限、年度发电收益与污染物排放计算出现役机组每年的净现值，并且根据未来安徽省碳排放削减目标，得到优化后的机组退役时间和顺序。结果表明：与常规的计划退役方案相比，有序退役方案使安徽省火电机组退役时间平均提前约5 a，在2060年碳中和之前可实现现役机组全部退役。2020—2060年，现役机组有序退役可累计减少碳排放量12.76亿t；累计减少SO₂、NO_x、PM_2.5排放量分别为1.44万t、2.13万t、0.17万t，比计划退役方案减少8.66亿元的健康损失。机组的有序退役不仅能带来巨大的环境效益与社会效益，也为“双碳”目标的实现提供了有力保障。     

Balancing Emotion and Cognition: a Case for Decision Aiding in Conservation Efforts

Abstract: Despite advances in the quality of participatory decision making for conservation, many current efforts still suffer from an inability to bridge the gap between science and policy. Judgment and decision‐making research suggests this gap may result from a person's reliance on affect‐based shortcuts in complex decision contexts. I examined the results from 3 experiments that demonstrate how affect (i.e., the instantaneous reaction one has to a stimulus) influences individual judgments in these contexts and identified techniques from the decision‐aiding literature that help encourage a balance between affect‐based emotion and cognition in complex decision processes. In the first study, subjects displayed a lack of focus on their stated conservation objectives and made decisions that reflected their initial affective impressions. Value‐focused approaches may help individuals incorporate all the decision‐relevant objectives by making the technical and value‐based objectives more salient. In the second study, subjects displayed a lack of focus on statistical risk and again made affect‐based decisions. Trade‐off techniques may help individuals incorporate relevant technical data, even when it conflicts with their initial affective impressions or other value‐based objectives. In the third study, subjects displayed a lack of trust in decision‐making authorities when the decision involved a negatively affect‐rich outcome (i.e., a loss). Identifying shared salient values and increasing procedural fairness may help build social trust in both decision‐making authorities and the decision process.